Pygoscelis+papua

Questions: 1) 1) How do the penguins stay buoyant in the water? 2) What is the nickname of the Gentoo penguin? 3) How many eggs are laid?

Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Aves Order - Sphenisciformes Family - Spheniscidae Genus - Pygoscelis Species - papua As of 2008 they are listed as Near Threatened but their population is declining. The Gentoo penguin lives mainly in the sub- Antarctic region, as well as, Falkland, South Georgia, the Antarctic Peninsula, Prince Edward Island, Macquarie island, and many others.
 * Pygoscelis papua - Gentoo Penguin**
 * Where they live...**

They live in waters ranging in temperature from 10°c to -2°c They live near beaches close to where they breed so there chicks are fed often.
 * Physical Habitat**

Gentoo penguins stay near their colonies all year round unless ice prevents them.
 * Migration**

The total breeding population is over 300,000. The population is decreasing.
 * Population**

Gentoo penguin have black heads, tails, wings, and back, their belly is white. They have a white strip that goes from one eye to the other. The bill of the Gentoo is bright orange, their feet are also orange with black claws. Their eyes are brown. The females and males look alike but females tend to be smaller.
 * Appearance**

The two penguins build a nest by either digging a small indentation of pushing pebbles in a circle and lining the nest with trigs. Usually two eggs (for the most part only one survives) are laid and the parents take shifts taking care of them. The eggs hatch after about 34 to 36 days. And they stay in the nest for about 30 days, and at about 80 to 100 days the begin to swim. Penguins are greatly adapted to life at sea- their vestigial wings are now flipper to move in the water not use to fly. Another adaption is air pockets between their feathers that gives them buoyancy. On land their tail and wings keep them balanced.
 * Reproduction**
 * Anatomy and Physiology**

When the penguins are in the water they are the prey of, sea lions, leopard seals, and orca, various types of birds steal their eggs. Krill are the most common food for the Gentoo, fish and squid are also a part of the diet.
 * Food Chain**

The penguins skin can be used to make purses and hats, and the feathers are used for clothing as well. Their fat can also be used as oil.
 * Economic Importance**

Egg collecting, adults being killed for their oil, and over fishing. There are now laws against hunting the penguins and their eggs.
 * Reason for Endangerment**

There are treaties between countries that make it illegal to harm penguins or their eggs.
 * Conservation Efforts**

The laws are helping but over fishing is still harming the population. Slow down fishing in the area. If people are still killing them make server laws against it.
 * Solutions**

The nickname for the Gentoo penguin is “Johnny Penguin.” They swim 15 miles per hour underwater. Their pictures have been on five postage stamps from around the world. They live 15-20 years. They are very shy.
 * Random Facts**

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